Nature and Nurture Revisited: A Chronicle of the Landmark Minnesota Twin Study
On August 15, 1992, Arthur Jensen delivered a well-received speech to a packed audience at the Centennial Convention of the American Psychological Association in Washington, D.C. Jensen’s invited address, “The Cyril Burt Scandal, Research Taboos, and the Media,” focused on the investigative findings of two meticulously researched books (Robert Joynson’s The Burt Affair and Ronald Fletcher’s Science, Ideology, and the Media: The Cyril Burt Scandal) which all but exonerated Cyril Burt, the eminent British psychologist, of allegations of fraud in his study of identical twins reared apart.
Burt’s detractors seized on suspicious statistical anomalies to claim that he fabricated data in his twin study findings. Insufficient details of the collection and analysis of data on Burt’s part helped fuel the speculation that Burt fudged some of his work. Joynson and Fletcher independently concluded that the totality of the evidence of fraud was based on conjecture, innuendo, and exaggerations. Both authors presented a compelling case that Burt’s critics intentionally set out to discredit one of the most distinguished reputations in the annals of British psychology. Fletcher and Joynson marshaled enough counter evidence to show that Burt’s detractors rushed to judgment, made claims that were eventually found to be untrue (such as missing assistants), and omitted crucial evidence, some of which was intentionally destroyed, that may have exonerated Burt of misconduct.
The International Ballroom West of the Washington Hilton Hotel was packed with several hundred APA attendees, including a number of noteworthy psychologists. Jensen showed photos of Burt from his own collection, relayed what it was like to work as Burt’s understudy, and summarized the case for Burt’s defense. He explained some of the animosity of Burt’s detractors and the likely personal and political motivations for discrediting such a distinguished psychologist. Read more